Washington, June 12 (ANI): Scientists studying the Chinese mindfulness meditation known as integrative body-mind training (IBMT) have confirmed and expanded their findings on changes in structural efficiency of white matter in the brain that can be related to positive behavioural changes in subjects practicing the technique regularly for a month.
Scientists Yi-Yuan Tang and Michael Posner reported that improved mood changes coincided with increased axonal density, more brain-signaling connections, and an expansion of myelin, the protective fatty tissue that surrounds the axons, in the brain's anterior cingulate region.
Deficits in activation of the anterior cingulate cortex have been associated with attention deficit disorder, dementia, depression, schizophrenia and many other disorders.
IBMT differs from other forms of meditation because it depends heavily on the inducement of a high degree of awareness and balance of the body, mind and environment.
The meditative state is facilitated through training and trainer-group dynamics, harmony and resonance.
A 2010 study had first reported positive structural changes in brain connectivity, based on functional magnetic resonance imaging, that correlated to behavioral regulation.
The study was done in the UO's Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging with 45 participating UO undergraduate students.
The new findings came from additional scrutiny of the 2010 study and another that involved 68 undergraduate students at China's Dalian University of Technology.
The researchers revisited data obtained from using an MRI technique known as diffusion tensor imaging.
The research team found improved density of the axons involved in brain connections but no change in myelin formation after two weeks.
After a month, or about 11 hours of IBMT, both increases in axon density and myelin formation were found as measured by fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity-the important indexes for measuring the integrity of white matter fibers.
"This dynamic pattern of white matter change involving the anterior cingulate cortex, a part of the brain network related to self-regulation, could provide a means for intervention to improve or prevent mental disorders," the authors concluded.
"When we got the results, we all got very excited because all of the other training exercises, like working-memory training or computer-based training, only have been shown to change myelination," Tang said.
"We believe these changes may be reflective of the time of training involved in IBMT. We found a different pattern of neural plasticity induced by the training," Tang said.
"This study gives us a much more detailed picture of what it is that is actually changing," Posner said.
"We did confirm the exact locations of the white-matter changes that we had found previously. And now we show that both myelination and axon density are improving. The order of changes we found may be similar to changes found during brain development in early childhood, allowing a new way to reveal how such changes might influence emotional and cognitive development," Posner said.
The improved mood changes noted in this and earlier studies are based on self-ratings of subjects based on a standard six-dimensional mood-state measure, said Tang, who is now the director of Texas Tech University's Neuroimaging Institute and holder of the Presidential Endowed Chair in Neuroscience in TTU's psychology department.
Compared with the relaxation group, IBMT subjects also had lower heart rates and skin conductance responses, increased belly breathing amplitude and decreased chest respiration rates.
"These new findings provide fundamental new insights on how the brain responds in positive ways to new inputs and reflect the excellence in cognitive neuroscience research that has defined Michael Posner's work at the University of Oregon," Kimberly Andrews Espy, vice president for research and innovation, said.
The paper appeared recently in the online Early Edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (ANI)
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